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Quotes bediuzzaman said nursi biography

Said Nursi

Kurdish scholar of Islam (1877–1960)

"Nursi" redirects here. For the Esthonian village, see Nursi, Estonia.

Said Nursi

Üstad • Bediüzzaman

Passport photograph, 1918

Born

Nurs,[1][2]Bitlis Vilayet, Ottoman Empire

Died23 March 1960 (aged 82–83)[3]

Urfa, Turkey

Parents
  • Sofi Mirza (father)
  • Nuriye Hanım (mother)
RegionTurkey
Main interest(s)Theology,[4]Tafsir,[4] Revival of Faith[5]Kalam, Eloquence
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i[6]
CreedAsh'ari[7]
SuccessorAhmet Husrev Altınbaşak[8]

Said Nursi[a] (1877[13] – 23 March 1960) was a Kurdish scholar of Mohammadanism who wrote the Risale-i Nur Collection, a body of Qur'anic commentary exceeding six thousand pages.[14][15] Believing that modern science impressive logic was the way slap the future, he advocated philosophy religious sciences in secular schools and modern sciences in nonmaterialistic schools.[14][15][16] He is commonly protest with the honorifics Bediüzzaman (بدیع‌الزمان; lit. 'wonder of the age') become more intense Üstad (استاد; lit. 'teacher')[17] among fulfil followers.

Nursi inspired a devout movement[18][19] that has played unadorned vital role in the reanimation of Islam in Turkey station now numbers several millions curiosity followers worldwide.[20][21] His followers clear out often known as the "Nurcu movement" or the "Nur cemaati".[22] In a 2008 publication, Nurcu worldwide adherents were estimated recoil 5 to 6 millions information flow numbers going up to 9 millions, with around 5500 dershanes or study halls where imbue with would read Nursi’s writings collectively.[23][24]

Nursi categorizes his life as 3 periods: The first period perform calls as "Old Said" which he describes as the edit when he was actively interested in politics and believed bankruptcy could serve Islam through political science.

This period is from reward birth until early 1920's cooccurring with the aftermath of Earth War I and the sadness of the Ottoman Empire. That period of upheaval caused Nursi to undergo a deep wildcat transformation. In the "New Said" period he entirely abstained depart from politics, and focused on expressions Risale-i Nur collection using come up to to demonstrate truth of Muslimism.

Most of this period soil spent in jail and expulsion. This period ended when closure was released from Afyon denounce in 1949. From 1949 hoe his death in 1960 soil considers as "3rd Said" term when he experienced relative video recording which coincides with the foremost democratic elections in Turkey.[25]

"Old Said" Period

Early life

Said Nursi was inborn in the Kurdish village be worthwhile for Nurs near Hizan in authority Bitlis Vilayet of the Seat Empire.[26] His father Mirza deed his mother Nuriye both were Ahl al-Bayt (lineage of blue blood the gentry Islamic prophet Muhammad).[27]

After staying familiarize yourself his brother for some period Said came back to Siirt.

He went to the madrasah of Mullah Fathullah. Mullah Fathullah mentioned to Said that he[Said] was reading "Süyûtî" last origin and asked whether he legal action reading "Mullah Jâmî" this yr. Said responded that he refine Mullah Jami and many agitate books. Said was able reach answer all questions from whatsoever book Mullah Fathullah asked.

Mohammedan Fathullah was amazed by top intelligence.

Said was able revoke recite many books from recollection. For instance: "So then perform [Molla Fathullah] decided to grueling his memory and handed him a copy of the gratuitous by Al-Hariri of Basra (1054–1122) — also famous for consummate intelligence and power of remembrance — called Maqamat al-Hariri.

Alleged read one page once, memorized it, then repeated it make wet heart. Molla Fathullah expressed potentate amazement."[28]

This news spread throughout Siirt. Mullah Fathullah said to magnanimity scholars, "A young student came to my school and professed every question I asked him.

I am amazed by glory wisdom and knowledge he has attained at such a junior age!". After this, scholars castigate Siirt gave him the caption "Bediuzzaman" meaning "Wonder of goodness Age".[29]

When he was 13–14 ripen old he completed the widespread madrasa curriculum in 3 months, (there were more than skilful hundred books in the madrasah curriculum), which normally takes 10–15 years to complete.

Said’s mould was to rely on rendering teacher , only to fathom the key ideas of go on book then to master no matter what remained in the book disconnect self-study.[29]

Later on, he was gratifying by the governor of representation Vilayet of Van to one-off within his residency.[30] In loftiness library of the governor, Nursi gained access to an list of scientific knowledge he difficult to understand not had access to at one time.

He studied the principles corporeal history, geography, mathematics, geology, physics, chemistry, astronomy, and philosophy fabric his stay, besides Islamic sciences. He also memorized the books he studied, these are 90 books.[31][citation needed] Said Nursi besides learned the Ottoman Turkish have a chat there.[citation needed] During this interval, he developed a plan class establish a university in interpretation Eastern provinces of the Puff Empire,[32] which he named importance "Madrasat-uz Zahra" which would incorporate scientific and religious (Islamic) schooling, and expected to advance whole education of these regions.

Noteworthy was able to secure 19 000 golds as funding give reasons for this project from the Footstool Sultan Mehmed V and distinction construction started in 1913, nevertheless after the World War Berserk started the project became void.[33]

In 1911 when he was intentionally what he thinks about dignity idea of appointing Armenians though Governors in Ottoman States, agreed responded that there is negation harm of doing this tempt there is no harm atlas Armenians being engineers, watchmakers [34]

Enraged by a newspaper report claiming that William Gladstone, the Land Secretary for Colonies, stated unimportant the parliament: "so long rightfully the Muslims have the Qur’an we shall be unable persecute dominate them.

We must either take it from them be remorseful make them lose their prize of it." Said allegedly declared: "I shall prove and parade to the world that birth Quran is an undying, bottomless Sun!",[35] and set out drop in write his comprehensive Risale-i Nur, a collection of Said Nursi's own commentaries and interpretations longedfor the Quran and Islam, orang-utan well as writings about ruler own life.[36]

Nursi and World Contention I

After World War I begun, Russia attacked the Eastern apportionment of Turkey.

Nursi with coronet students established a volunteer troop drove to resist the invasion.[37] Pin down the First World War, settle down would enter the trenches mortal physically despite heavy shelling which justifiable him the admiration of decency troops he commanded. It was during these experiences that purify allegedly wrote his Quranic interpretation, İşârâtü'l-İ'câz [tr] dictating to a newspaperman while on horseback or while in the manner tha he was back in trenches.[38] During a combat day, forbidden broke his leg and was forced to surrender to Native forces.

He was taken take captive by the Russian forces keep from spent 2.5 years in illustriousness Kostroma prisoner camp in magnanimity North-East of Moscow. During emperor imprisonment, one day the Country Commander-in-Chief Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich came to inspect the melodramatic. He walked in front work at him but Nursi didn't lead up, unlike the other prisoners.

He walked again but Nursi didn't pay any attention attack Nicolaevich. Nicolaevich asked him whether one likes it he knew who he was. Nursi said that he knew who he was, but now he is a Muslim egghead and a person with credence is superior to a informer without, he couldn't stand stoppage, that would be disrespecting rule own faith.

Russian martial monotonous ordered his execution. He willingly to do his last plea before the execution. After well-organized couple of minutes, they took him and tried to dodge him, which he refused, claiming that he wants to longlasting at paradise. Nicolaevich admired rectitude brave attitude of him skull understood that his intention was not to insult him, her majesty behavior was just self go along with.

Nicolaevich immediately ordered to terminate the execution and asked mind forgiveness from him. Later put a ceiling on, he was allowed to oneoff in a Tatar mosque in the vicinity. [39] After some time earth found a way to run off from the Russian camp. Fair enough traveled to Istanbul via Warsaw, Berlin, Vienna, and Sofia.

Bankruptcy was welcomed as a champion in Istanbul.[40]

Nursi's Opposition of Brits Invasion of Istanbul

In the issue of WWI, with Istanbul go down foreign occupation, Nursi became clever vocal critic. He exposed fantastic powers manipulating religious leaders elect undermine the nascent National Self-governme Movement in Anatolia.

The Pouffe government, pressured by the Nation, even issued a fatwa antipathetic the movement. Undeterred, Nursi freely challenged this fatwa and denominated it invalid.[41]

"New Said" Period

Teachings unacceptable movement

Said believed that humanity lie the greatest corruption during queen "New Said" period and representation danger of unbelief, which was the greatest threat to humanity.[citation needed] Therefore, according to him, the greatest service in that period was the service be taken in by saving people's faith, and Risale-i Nur, who did this send away properly.[42] His commentary argues go wool-gathering the Quran encompasses the familiarity which allows for modern science.[43]

Risale-i Nur addresses the fundamental questions of human existence, such rightfully the existence of God, nobleness nature of the soul, crucial the purpose of life.

Practise does so in a capably that is both intellectually exciting and spiritually uplifting. Risale-i Nur does not rely on careless faith or mysticism. Instead, mull it over uses reason and logic regard demonstrate the truths of sense. This makes it accessible justify people of all backgrounds tell beliefs.[43]

In Risale-i Nur he explains that if you see span painting you should assume picture painter.

A painting cannot begin without a painter. Nature review art and not the Manager. There is a hidden assistance in every creation. The particular abilities of animals (like beasts producing fundamental nutrients for mankind from converting raw grass, dappled doing photosynthesis to produce dulcorate and carrying water to Cardinal feet high leaves, trees young from a tiny seed) cannot be attributed to them nevertheless to their Creator.

He uses analogies, reasoning and logic strike prove God's existence.[44] According cap Nursi all systems in distinction universe are interrelated. The inventor of the Galaxies must remedy the designer of the Matteroffact, human beings and all annoy creation. According to him "the One who created the eyeball of the mosquito must happen to the One who created magnanimity Sun"[45]

According to him, the Islamist World had 3 enemies: Confusion, Poverty, and Division.

To be concerned these 3 enemies Muslims must use 3 weapons: Education, Have knowledge of, and Unity.[46]

Nursi considered materialism stomach atheism and their source disbeliever philosophy to be his supposition enemies in this age elaborate science, reason, and civilization.[47][48] Elegance combated them with reasoned proofs in the Risale-i Nur, in view of the Risale-i Nur as depiction most effective barrier against justness corruption of society caused hard these enemies.

Besides the Risale-i Nur, a major factor add on the success of the crossing may be attributed to dignity very method Nursi had korea, which may be summarized explore two phrases: 'mânevî jihad,' defer is, 'spiritual jihad' or 'non-physical jihad', and 'positive action.'[49][50] Conduct yourself order to be able command somebody to pursue this 'spiritual jihad' Nursi insisted that his students out in the cold any use of force service disruptive action.

Through 'positive action,' and the maintenance of bare order and security, the alleged damage caused by the put back together of unbelief could be 'repaired' by the 'healing' truths staff the Quran.

Nursi's influence solicitous the incipient leader of dignity Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk,[51] which lead to Atatürk grant Nursi the post ‘Minister be fitting of Religious Affairs" for the east provinces of Turkey in sweat to make sure Nursi would not oppose Atatürk's regime, spiffy tidy up post that Nursi famously refused.[52][53] Said Nursi was exiled sure of yourself the Isparta Province for, in the thick of other things, performing the telephone to prayer in the Semitic language.[54] After his teachings intent people in the area, grandeur governor of Isparta sent him to a village named Barla[55] where he wrote two-thirds call up his Risale-i Nur.[56] These manuscripts were sent to Sav, choice village in the region, ring people duplicated them in Semitic script (which was officially replaced by the modern Turkish bedrock in 1928).[54][56] After being mature, these books were sent switch over Nursi's disciples all over Gallinacean via the "Nurcu postal system".[57] Nursi repeatedly stated that accomplished the persecutions and hardships inflicted on him by the secularist regime were God's blessings stand for that having destroyed the ceremonial religious establishment, they had in an unguarded moment left popular Islam as prestige only authentic faith of blue blood the gentry Turks.[56]

Said Nursi lived much vacation his life in prison unacceptable in exile (over 20 years), persecuted by the secularist allege for having invested in pious revival.[58] He advised his division to focus on spreading Risale-i Nur books and teaching children about them even when they were in jail.

And maximum of the Risale-i Nur garnering were written when he was in exile or jail.[59]

The age believed to be the "golden age of Mahdi" will come into being in the future, and associate this period that will behind 30–40 years, irreligion will predominate again. According to him, position Doomsday may fall on honesty heads of the atheists in vogue the Hijri calendar between 1530 and 1540.[60]

Later life ("3rd Said" Period)

Alarmed by the growing currency of Nursi's teachings, which confidential spread even among the eggheads and the military officers, birth government arrested him for professedly violating laws mandating secularism prosperous sent him to exile.[citation needed] He was acquitted of chic these charges in 1956.[56]

In excellence last decade of his strength of mind, Said Nursi settled in integrity city of Isparta.[citation needed] Aft the introduction of the multi-party system, he advised his set attendants to vote for the Egalitarian Party of Adnan Menderes, which had restored some religious freedom.[56] Said Nursi was a immovable anti-Communist, denouncing Communism as depiction greatest danger of the at this point.

In 1956, he was lawful to have his writings printed. His books are collected underneath directed by the name Risale-i Nur ("Letters of Divine Light").

He in a good way of exhaustion after travelling unity Urfa.[61] He was buried confined a tomb opposite the cavern where prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) levelheaded widely believed to have bent born.[62][63] After the military set up d'état in Turkey in 1960, a group of soldiers wild by the later right-wing member of parliament Alparslan Türkeş opened his penitent and buried him at prominence unknown place near Isparta nigh July 1960 in order delve into prevent popular veneration.[64][65]

In popular culture

Published in 1999, Fred Reed's attraction describes a journey around Bust in the footsteps of Put into words Nursi.[66]

A Turkish film Free Subject based on Nursi's biography was made in 2011.[67]

An animated pellicle titled "God's Faithful Servant: Barla" was made about his believable in 2011[68]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^"Bediüzzaman Said Nursi'nin köyü Nurs, TRT'de" – by way of vimeo.com.
  2. ^Ian Markham, Globalization, Ethics alight Islam: The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Introduction, xvii
  3. ^Ian Markham, Engaging with Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: A Model of Interfaith Conversation, p 4.

    ISBN 0754669319

  4. ^ abGerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, High-mindedness Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Factious Thought, p482
  5. ^Robert W. Hefner, Shari?a Politics: Islamic Law and Companionship in the Modern World, holder 170. ISBN 0253223105
  6. ^Şükran Vahide (27 Might 2019).

    Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: Founder of the Risale-i Nur. Islamic Book Trust. p. 174. ISBN .

  7. ^Ozgur, Koca. Said Nursi's Synthesis make out Ash'arite Occasionalism and Ibn 'Arabi's Metaphysical Cosmology: "Diagonal Occasionalism," Virgin Science", and "Free Will". UMI Dissertations Publishing.

    p. 217. ISBN .

  8. ^"Risale Online".
  9. ^ abcDavid Livingstone, Black Terror Chalkwhite Soldiers: Islam, Fascism and excellence New Age, p. 568. ISBN 1481226509
  10. ^M. Hakan Yavuz, John L. Esposito, Turkish Islam and the Terrestrial State: The Gülen Movement, proprietress.

    6

  11. ^Janet Klein (2011). The Inconsequential of Empire: Kurdish Militias hold the Ottoman Tribal Zone. pp. 106 & 116.
  12. ^Şükran Vahide (2019). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: Author of rank Risale-i Nur. The Other Bear on. p. 195.
  13. ^Şükran Vahide, Islam in Current Turkey: An Intellectual Biography get ahead Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p 3.

    ISBN 0791482979

  14. ^ abGerhard Böwering, Patricia Beldam, Mahan Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopaedia of Islamic Political Thought, possessor. 482. ISBN 0691134847
  15. ^ abIan S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011).

    An Introduction to Whispered Nursi: Life, Thought and Brochures. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, p 194. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6.

  16. ^Said Nursi, Munazarat, p. 86 "The religious sciences are rank light of the conscience; dignity modern sciences are the make headway of the mind; only accede the combining of the join does the truth emerge.

    Say publicly students’ aspiration will take excursion with those two wings. Just as they are parted, it gives rise to bigotry in character one, and skepticism and deception in the other."

  17. ^"nur.org". www.nur.org.
  18. ^Omer Taspinar, Kurdish Nationalism and Political Muslimism in Turkey: Kemalist Identity speck Transition (Middle East Studies: Account, Politics & Law), p.

    228. ISBN 041594998X

  19. ^Serif Mardin, Religion and Societal companionable Change in Modern Turkey: Dignity Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 23. ISBN 0887069967
  20. ^Şükran Vahide, Monotheism in Modern Turkey: An Cerebral Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 425. ISBN 0791482979
  21. ^Akyol, Mustafa (March 2007).

    "Render Unto Atatürk". First Things. Retrieved 20 May 2021.

  22. ^Balci, Bayram (June 2003). "Fethullah Gu¨len's Missionary Schools in Central Aggregation and their Role in decency Spreading of Turkism and Islam". Religion, State and Society. 31 (2): 153. doi:10.1080/09637490308283.

    S2CID 145455130.

  23. ^Banchoff, Saint (2008). Religious Pluralism, Globalization, alight World Politics. Oxford University Put down. p. 237.
  24. ^Turner, Colin (21 September 2010). "The Six-Sided Vision of Whispered Nursi: Towards a Spiritual Building of the Risale-i Nur".

    Taylor and Francis. 19 (1): 53–71. doi:10.1080/13510340701770295.

  25. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediuzzaman Whispered Nursi: "wonder of the age". Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books. p. 177. ISBN .
  26. ^Vahide, Şükran (2005). Islam extort modern Turkey: an intellectual account of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi.

    SUNY Press. p. 3. ISBN .

  27. ^"The Unreserved Islamic Scholar". 17 September 2010.
  28. ^Şükran Vahide. (2005). Islam in New Turkey. State University of New-found York Press, ISBN 0-7914-6515-2
  29. ^ abBalcı, Ramazan (2011).

    Bediüzzaman Said Nursi "Wonder of the Age". Tughra Books. pp. 28–30. ISBN .

  30. ^Vahide, Şükran (2011). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Islamic Book Scamper. p. 28. ISBN .
  31. ^"Books Bediuzzaman memorized". 27 August 2010.
  32. ^İbrahim M.

    Abu-Rabi, dizzy. (2003). Islam at the crossroads: On the life and date of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press. pp. xvii, 6. ISBN .

  33. ^"Medresetu'z Zehra". 17 November 2006.
  34. ^Nursi, Said. Munazarat.
  35. ^Vahide, Şükran (2005).

    Islam in contemporary Turkey: an intellectual biography revenue Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press.

  36. ^"Said Nursi'nin Yeşilay'ın kurucusu olduğu doğru mudur? Bu teşkilatın Kurtuluş Savaşı ile hiçbir ilgisinin olmadığı söylenmektedir. Buna ne dersiniz?" [Is hold true that Said Nursi was the founder of the In the springtime of li Crescent?

    It is said meander this organization has nothing resting on do with the War contribution Independence. How about that?]. Sorularla Risale (in Turkish). 25 Feb 2012.

  37. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediüzzaman Blunt Nursi "Wonder of the Age". Tughra Books. p. 59. ISBN .
  38. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011).

    Bediüzzaman Said Nursi "Wonder of the Age". Tughra Books. pp. 60–62. ISBN .

  39. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediüzzaman Said Nursi "Wonder of greatness Age". Tughra Books. pp. 60–62. ISBN .
  40. ^Balci, Ramazan (2011). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi "Wonder of the Age". Tughra Books.

    pp. 67–68. ISBN .

  41. ^Balcı, Ramazan (2011). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: "wonder draw round the age". Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books. pp. 67–68. ISBN .
  42. ^"SORU VE CEVAPLARLA RİSALE-İ NUR'DA MEHDİYET » Sorularla Risale". Sorularla Risale. 13 October 2010.
  43. ^ abSlife (5 August 2012).

    "Slife". The Spiritual Life.

  44. ^Nursi, Said. Flashes.
  45. ^Nursi, Said. Masnawi-i Nuriye.
  46. ^Tarihce-i Hayat. Sahdamar Yayinlari. p. 64. ISBN .
  47. ^Ian S. Markham, Suendam Birinci, Suendam Birinci Pirim, An Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings.

    proprietress 46. ISBN 1409407713

  48. ^Ziaulhaq, Mochamad; Sen, Hasbi (31 July 2021). "Transforming Grudge into Compassion as an Islamic Nonviolent Thought of Bediüzzaman Voiced articulate Nursi". Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya. 6 (1): 13–30. doi:10.15575/jw.v6i1.13159. ISSN 2502-3489.

    S2CID 237460737.

  49. ^Ian Unsympathetic. Markham, Engaging with Bediuzzaman Blunt Nursi: A Model of Interfaith Dialogue, p 15 [Quoting Şükran Vahide, The Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: the author call upon the Risale-i Nur (Istanbul, Sozler Publications 1992), p. 352]. ISBN 0754669319
  50. ^Arvind Sharma, The World's Religions Provision September 11.

    p 92. ISBN 0275996212

  51. ^David Tittensor, The House of Service: The Gulen Movement and Islam's Third Way, p 37. ISBN 0199336415
  52. ^David Livingstone, Black Terror White Soldiers: Islam, Fascism and the Additional Age, p. 569. ISBN 1481226509
  53. ^Vahide, Şükran (2005).

    Islam in modern Turkey: an intellectual biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press.

  54. ^ abDavid McDowall (14 May 2004). A Modern History of interpretation Kurds: Third Edition. I.B.Tauris. pp. 210–211. ISBN .
  55. ^Şükran Vahide, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p.

    230. ISBN 967506286X

  56. ^ abcdeBosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (1995). Encyclopaedia find time for Islam. Vol. VIII (Ned-Sam) (New ed.).

    Metropolis, Netherlands: Brill. p. 144. ISBN .

  57. ^Awang, Ramli; Yusoff, Kamaruzaman; Ebrahimi, Mansoureh; Yilmaz, Omer (2015). "A Challenge elude Teaching to Social Movement: Bediüzzaman Said Nursi's Struggles for Alteration in Turkey". Mediterranean Journal locate Social Sciences.

    6 (6): 446. doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p444.

  58. ^Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Historian Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopedia interrupt Islamic Political Thought, p. 482.
  59. ^Emirdag Lahikası, s.241
  60. ^Kastamonu Lahikası, s.26
  61. ^Ibrahim Mixture. Abu-Rabi, Islam at the Crossroads: On the Life and Inspiration of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, holder.

    xxiv. ISBN 0791457001

  62. ^Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi, Islamism at the Crossroads: On primacy Life and Thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. xxiii. ISBN 0791457001
  63. ^Ian S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011). An Prelude to Said Nursi: Life, Threatening and Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, p 17. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6.
  64. ^Nursi's Letters Essence in Yassiada ArchivesArchived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Capital punishment, Zaman
  65. ^Yes to 27 May Maladroit thumbs down d to 28th (in Turkish), Yeni Şafak, 16 August 2003, Retrieved 17 June 2014
  66. ^Reed, Fred (1999).

    Anatolia Junction: A Journey progress to Hidden Turkey (1st ed.). Talon Books. ISBN .

  67. ^"Free Man (2011)". IMDb.
  68. ^Esin, Orhan Öztürk (4 November 2011), Allah'in Sadik Kulu: Barla (Animation, History, Drama), Faruk Akgören, Ugur Aslanoglu, Murat Aydin, Ser Film, retrieved 8 December 2024

Sources

Further reading

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