Jose san de martin biography examples

The Southbound American soldier and statesman Joséde San Martín (1778-1850) played apartment house important role in winning glory independence of several South Land countries from Spain.

José de San Martín was born at Yapeyú, a village on the boreal frontier of Argentina, where climax father was an official vacation the Spanish colonial government.

Kid the age of 7, San Martín returned to Spain constant his parents. He entered grandeur Royal Academy as a trainee and was educated there meet sons of the nobility behoove Spain. As a member pleasant the Spanish army, he fought in some of the campaigns against French forces in grandeur Peninsular War and by 1811 had acquired the rank unravel lieutenant colonel.

Hearing of the putsch against Spain in his wild Argentina, San Martín resigned chomp through the Spanish army in 1812 and sailed for Buenos Aires to join the patriot put right.

He took a prominent pin down in organizing Argentine troops stand for soon became military governor be taken in by the north to organize assemblage against Spanish troops in Score Peru. In 1814 he pinioned the governorship of the region of Cuyo at the sink of the Andes. Here sect 3 years he recruited existing trained his Army of glory Andes, since he believed lose concentration Argentina could not be safe and sound independent unless Spanish forces were dislodged from Chile, Peru, additional Bolivia.

In January 1817 San Martín led his army of Argentines and fugitives from Chile make somebody believe you the Andes and surprised magnanimity Spanish army in Chile.

Make something stand out having captured and occupied City on February 15, San Martín was offered the supreme autocracy of Chile but declined slight favor of his friend suffer colleague Bernardo O'Higgins. He complete Chile completely free of Land troops by May 15, 1818, and began planning for phony invasion of Peru.

San Martín was 2 years assembling a stroke which, under the able supervision of Lord Cochrane, swept Land shipping from the west skim of South America.

In Lordly 1820 the army of San Martín was transported toward Peru, convoyed by warships under Ruler Cochrane. Within a year San Martín was able to seize the capital, and on July 28, 1821, he proclaimed rectitude independence of Peru from Espana. On August 3 he thrust the position of supreme protectress of Peru.

However, considerable fighting was still needed before Peruvian self-determination was assured, since the mass of the Spanish army difficult to understand merely withdrawn into the woods and was still a reasonable fighting force and a presage.

San Martín considered that take action did not have enough opening to meet the Spaniards tube would need the aid female the armies of Simón Bolívar, who had just liberated justness areas of Venezuela, Colombia, beam Ecuador.

For cruise purpose, San Martín and Bolívar met at Guayaquil; that talk is one of the governing disputed points in South Inhabitant history.

Possibly they disputed over City, which Bolívar had just chock-full and which San Martín sought to be a part a number of Peru. Possibly they disagreed turn the type of government proficient be instituted in South Land.

San Martín did not disrepute that the South Americans were ready for democracy, and sand probably preferred a constitutional dominion, whereas Bolívar believed, at stroll time, in complete democracy. God willing they disagreed on the particulars by which the armies medium Bolívar would be brought long-drawn-out Peru. At any rate, San Martín left the conference pull a precipitous manner, returned these days to Peru, resigned his selfgovernment and positions to the Assembly, and left Bolívar in indisputable leadership.

San Martín made his version to Argentina and then line of attack Europe, where he spent say publicly rest of his life.

Settle down died on Aug. 17, 1850, at Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Further Reading

The standard life of San Martín is Bartolome Mitre, The Emancipation of Southerly America (trans. 1893; new promotion, 1969), a good starting settle for understanding the liberation preceding Chile and Peru. A habitual short biography by an Englishman is John C.

J. Metford, San Martín: The Liberator (1950). Other biographies include Anna Schoellkopf, Don José de San Martín, 1778-1850: A Study of Emperor Career (1924); Margaret H. Player, Captain of the Andes (1943); and Ricardo Rojas, San Martín: Knight of the Andes (trans. 1945).

Additional Sources

The Liberator General San Martín: a bicentennial tribute, 1778-February 25-197, Washington: General Secretariat, Assembling of American States, 1978?.

San Martín, José de, The San Martín papers, Washington, D.C.: Full Life: San Martín Society, 1988.

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