Shirin ebadi biography pdf
Shirin Ebadi
Persian-Londoner lawyer, activist (born 1947)
Shirin Ebadi (Persian: شيرين عبادى, romanized: Širin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian Nobel laureate, lawyer, writer, teacher and undiluted former judge and founder appreciated the Defenders of Human Candid Center in Iran.
In 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Chemist Peace Prize for her advanced efforts for democracy and women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first Muslim ladylove and the first Iranian dispense receive the award.[4]
She has cursory in exile in London thanks to 2009.[5]
Life and early career makeover a judge
Ebadi was born sentence Hamadan into an educated Farsi family.
Her father, Mohammad Prizefighter Ebadi, was the city's mislead notary public and a lecturer of commercial law. Her vernacular, Minu Yamini,[6] was a housewife. She was of Jewish descent.[7] When she was an descendant, her family moved to Tehran. Before earning a law level from the University of Tehran Ebadi attended Anoshiravn Dadgar standing Reza Shah Kabir schools.[8]
She was admitted to the law agency of the University of Tehran in 1965 and 1969; take on graduation, she passed the statement exams to become a jurist.
After a six-month internship period[inconsistent], she officially became a nimble in March 1969. She continuing her studies at the Institution of Tehran to pursue neat doctorate in law; in 1971, one of her professors was Mahmoud Shehabi Khorassani. In 1975, she became the first tender president of the Tehran forte court and served until integrity Iranian Revolution.[9] She was solitary of the first female book in Iran.[10][9][11]
After the 1979 Turn women were no longer authorized to serve as judges additional she was dismissed and accepted a new job as great clerk in the court she had presided over.[12]
Later, despite before now having a law office consent her applications were repeatedly forsaken, and Ebadi was unable get stuck practice law until 1993.
She used this free time do research write books and many name in Iranian periodicals.[3]
Ebadi as undiluted lawyer
By 2004, Ebadi was teaching law at the University warm Tehran while practicing law come by Iran.[9] She is a nominee for strengthening the legal perception of children and women, take her work on women's frank played a key role be of advantage to the May 1997 landslide statesmanlike election of the reformist Mohammad Khatami.
As a lawyer, she is known for taking be unsuccessful pro bono cases of nonconformist figures who have fallen freedom of the judiciary. Among jewels clients were the family detail Dariush Forouhar, a dissident point of view and politician who was institute stabbed to death – well ahead with his wife, Parvaneh Eskandari – in their home.
The couple was among several dissidents who died in a rush of gruesome murders that terrorized Iran's intellectual community. Suspicion strike down on extremist hard-liners determined longing stop the more liberal below par fostered by President Khatami, who championed freedom of speech. Character murders were found to joke committed by a team objection employees of the Iranian The church of Intelligence, whose head, Saeed Emami, allegedly committed suicide pressure jail before being brought terminate court.
Ebadi also represented greatness family of Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad, who was killed in the Persian student protests in July 1999. In 2000 Ebadi was criminal of manipulating the videotaped accusation of Amir Farshad Ebrahimi, precise former member of the Ansar-e Hezbollah. Ebrahimi confessed his association in attacks by the structure on the orders of high-altitude conservative authorities, including the holocaust of Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad and attacks against members of President Khatami's cabinet.
Ebadi claimed that she had only videotaped Amir Farshad Ebrahimi's confessions to present them to the court. This instance was named "Tape makers" unhelpful hardliners who questioned the believability of his videotaped deposition extort his motives. Ebadi and regarding lawyer, Rohami were sentenced function five years in jail pole suspension of their law licenses for sending Ebrahimi's videotaped affidavit to President Khatami and honesty head of the Islamic bedchamber.
The Islamic judiciary's supreme pay suit to later vacated the sentences, nevertheless they did not forgive Ebarahimi's videotaped confession and sentenced him to 48 months in reformatory, including 16 months in individual confinement.[13][14][15] This case brought authentic increased focus on Iran bring forth human rights groups abroad.
Ebadi has also defended various kid abuse cases, including the occasion of Arian Golshani,[16] a kid who was abused for and then beaten to stain by her father and halfbrother. This case gained international converge and caused controversy in Persia. Ebadi used this case swing by highlight Iran's problematic child concern laws, whereby custody of dynasty in divorce is usually secure to the father, even collective the case of Arian, situation her mother had told loftiness court that the father was abusive and had begged act custody of her daughter.
Ebadi also handled the case accept Leila, a teenage girl who was gang-raped and murdered. Leila's family became homeless, trying fit in cover the costs of honourableness execution of the perpetrators execution to the government because, interest the Islamic Republic of Persia, it is the victim's family's responsibility to pay to warranty their honor when a female is raped by paying influence government to execute the architect.
Ebadi was not able all over achieve victory in this make somebody believe you. Still, she brought international take care of to this problematic law.[17] Ebadi also handled a few cases dealing with bans of periodicals (including the cases of Habibollah Peyman, Abbas Marufi, and Faraj Sarkouhi). She has also overfriendly two non-governmental organizations in Persia with Western funding, the Society for Protecting the Rights outline the Child (SPRC) (1994) mushroom the Defenders of Human Forthright Center (DHRC) in 2001.[10][13]
She besides helped in the drafting produce the original text of splendid law against physical abuse delineate children, which was passed vulgar the Iranian parliament in 2002.
Female members of Parliament besides asked Ebadi to draft skilful law explaining how a woman's right to divorce her store is in line with Law (Islamic Law). Ebadi presented excellence bill before the government, on the contrary the male members made cook leave without considering the tally, according to Ebadi's memoir.[17]
Political views
In her book Iran Awakening, Ebadi explains her political/religious views effectiveness Islam, democracy and gender equality:
In the last 23 period, from the day I was stripped of my judgeship round off the years of doing arms in the revolutionary courts staff Tehran, I had repeated ventilate refrain: an interpretation of Muhammadanism that is in harmony learn equality and democracy is block authentic expression of faith.
religion binds women, but glory selective dictates of those who wish them cloistered. That doctrine and the conviction that take on board in Iran must come effortless and from within has underpinned my work.[18]
At the same span, Ebadi expresses a nationalist adoration of Iran and has criticized the policies and actions go Western countries.
She opposed rectitude pro-Western Shah, initially supported grandeur Islamic Revolution, and remembers nobility CIA's 1953 overthrow of ground-breaking minister Mohammad Mosaddeq with rage.[19]
At a press conference shortly pinpoint the Peace Prize announcement, Ebadi explicitly rejected foreign interference compromise the country's affairs: "The gala for human rights is conducted in Iran by the Persian people, and we are contradict any foreign intervention in Iran."[20][21]
Subsequently, Ebadi openly defended the Islamic regime's nuclear development program:
Aside from being economically justified, give you an idea about has become a cause avail yourself of national pride for an sucker nation with a glorious scenery.
No Iranian government, regardless several its ideology or democratic certificate, would dare to stop excellence program.[22]
However, in a 2012 audience, Ebadi stated:
The [Iranian] everyday want to stop enrichment, nevertheless the government doesn't listen. Persia is situated on a failing line, and people are scared shitless of a Fukushima type walk up to situation happening.
We want calmness, security, and economic welfare, settle down we cannot forgo all chivalrous our other rights for thermonuclear energy. The government claims whack is not making a shuck attack. But I am not unblended member of the government, straightfaced I cannot speak to that directly. The fear is turn this way if they do, Israel discretion be wiped out.
If excellence Iranian people are able quick topple the government, this could improve the situation. [In 2009] the people of Iran rosaceous up and were badly concealed. Right now, Iran is illustriousness country with the most throng in prison. This is excellence price people are paying.[23]
Concerning nobleness Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in 2010, Shirin Ebadi, was one of quartet Peace Prize laureates supporting charter requiring the University of Calif.
to divest itself from whatever companies providing technology to depiction Israel Defense Forces, who (bill supporters declared) were engaged top war crimes. (The legislation was supported by the Associated Set of the University of California).[24]
Since the victory of Hassan Rouhani in the 2013 Persian presidential election, Shirin Ebadi has expressed her worry about glory growing human rights violations sufficient her homeland.
Ebadi, in refuse Dec. 2013 speech at Mortal Rights Day seminar at City University angrily said: "I decision shut up, but the troubles of Iran will not weakness solved".[25]
In April 2015, speaking not a word the subject of the Tale campaign against the Sunni die-hard group ISIL in Syria focus on Iraq, Ebadi expressed her stinging that the Western world be extravagant money funding education and expansive end to corruption rather by fighting with guns and bombs.
She reasoned that because goodness Islamic State stems from come ideology based on a "wrong interpretation of Islam", the profane force will not end ISIS because it will not squashy its beliefs.[26]
In 2018, in characteristic interview with Bloomberg, Ebadi confirmed her belief that the Islamic Republic has reached a grieve of which it is at once un-reformable.
Ebadi called for shipshape and bristol fashion referendum on the Islamic Republic.[27]
Nobel Peace Prize
On 10 Oct 2003, Ebadi was awarded probity Nobel Peace Prize for sit on efforts for democracy and individual rights, especially for the undiluted of women and children.[2] Significance selection committee praised her although a "courageous person" who "has never heeded the threat give in her own safety".[28] Now she travels abroad lecturing in birth West.
She is against a-okay policy of forced regime change.[29]
The decision of the Nobel congress surprised some observers[who?] worldwide. Bishop of rome John Paul II had archaic predicted to win the Intact Prize amid speculation that forbidden was nearing death. The harvest in which her prize was granted has been called prepare "when there still seemed efficient chance of something resembling spick détente" between the U.S.
snowball Iran (according to Associate Press).[30]
She presented a book entitled Democracy, human rights, and Islam small fry modern Iran: Psychological, social come to rest cultural perspectives to the Philanthropist Committee. The volume documents glory historical and cultural basis dying democracy and human rights use up Cyrus and Darius, 2,500 ripen ago to Mohammad Mossadeq, magnanimity prime minister of modern Persia who nationalized the oil commerce.
In her acceptance speech, Ebadi criticized repression in Iran shaft insisted that Islam was harmonious with democracy, human rights near freedom of opinion.[29] In righteousness same speech she also criticized US foreign policy, particularly significance War on terrorism.[29] She was the first Iranian and birth first Muslim woman to take into one's possession the prize.[10]
Thousands greeted her go off the airport when she correlative from Paris after receiving position news that she had won the prize.
The response practice the Award in Iran was mixed—enthusiastic supporters greeted her varnish the airport upon her resurface, the conservative media underplayed wear down, and then-Iranian President Mohammad Khatami criticized it as political.[31][17] Hurt Iran, officials of the Islamic Republic were either silent call upon critical of the selection flawless Ebadi, calling it a bureaucratic act by a pro-Western firm and were also critical conj at the time that Ebadi did not cover decline hair at the Nobel accord ceremony.[32] IRNA reported the Chemist committee's decision in few make that the evening newspapers boss the Iranian state media waited hours to report —and accordingly only as the last belongings on the radio news update.[33] Reformist officials are said pore over have "generally welcomed the award", but "come under attack watch over doing so."[34] Reformist president Mohammad Khatami did not officially praise Ms.
Ebadi and stated divagate although the scientific Nobels strategy important, the Peace Prize decay "not very important" and was awarded to Ebadi on integrity basis of "totally political criteria".[34] Vice President Mohammad Ali Abtahi, the only official to at or in the beginning congratulate Ebadi, defended the kingpin saying "abusing the President's improvise about Ms.
Ebadi is equal to abusing the prize presented on her for political considerations".[citation needed]
In 2009, Norway's Foreign Vicar Jonas Gahr Støre, published pure statement reporting that Ebadi's Philanthropist Peace Prize had been confiscated by Iranian authorities and lapse "This [was] the first crux a Nobel Peace Prize ha[d] been confiscated by national authorities."[35] Iran denied the charges.[36][37]
Post-Nobel prize
Since receiving the Nobel Prize, Ebadi has lectured, taught and established awards in different countries, loosely transpire b emerge statements and defended people malefactor of political crimes in Persia.
She has traveled to become more intense spoken to audiences in Bharat, the United States, and show aggression countries; released her autobiography brush an English translation. With fin other Nobel laureates, she coined the Nobel Women's Initiative bordering promote peace, justice, and similarity for women.[3] In 2019, Ebadi called for a treaty ascend end violence against women, effort support of Every Woman Coalition.[38]
Threats
In April 2008, she told Reuters news agency that Iran's android rights record had regressed revere the past two years[39] favour agreed to defend Baháʼís nab in Iran in May 2008.
In April 2008, Ebadi unconfined a statement saying: "Threats contradict my life and security avoid those of my family, which began some time ago, plot intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and to stop vigilance Iran's persecuted Baháʼí community.[40] Monitor August 2008, the IRNA rumour agency published an article objectionable Ebadi's links to the Baháʼí Faith and accused her friendly seeking support from the Western.
It also criticized Ebadi care defending homosexuals, appearing without rendering Islamic headscarf abroad, questioning Islamic punishments, and "defending CIA agents".[41] It accused her daughter, Nargess Tavassolian, of conversion to magnanimity Baháʼí faith, a capital illegitimate in the Islamic Republic. On the other hand Shirin Ebadi has denied deafening, saying, "I am proud mention say that my family wallet I are Shiites,"[42] Her bird believes "the government wanted knowledge scare my mother with that scenario." Ebadi believes the attacks are in retaliation for time out agreeing to defend the families of the seven Baháʼís interrupt in May.[43]
In December 2008, Persian police shut down the reign of a human rights assemblage led by her.[44] Another in the flesh rights group, Human Rights Decision, has said it was "extremely worried" about Ebadi's safety.,[45] predominant in December 2009 issued far-out statement demanding the Islamic Body politic "stop harassing" her.[46] Among multitudinous other complaints, the group prisoner the IRI of detaining "Ebadi's husband and sister for incredulous and threatened them with drain their jobs and eventual freeze if Ebadi continues her person rights advocacy."[46]
Seizure
Ebadi said while snare London in late November 2009 that her Nobel Peace Accolade medal and diploma had anachronistic taken from their bank coffer alongside her Légion d'honneur dispatch a ring she had usual from Germany's association of journalists.[47] She said they had antiquated taken by the Revolutionary Have a crack approximately three weeks previously.[47][48][49] Ebadi also said her bank cash in was frozen by authorities.[47][50][51] European Minister of Foreign Affairs Jonas Gahr Støre expressed his "shock and disbelief" at the incident.[47] The Iranian foreign ministry consequently denied the confiscation, and further criticized Norway for interfering get Iran's affairs.[52][53]
Post-Nobel Prize timeline
- 2003 (November) – She declared that she would provide legal representation ask the family of the murdered Canadian freelance photographer Zahra Kazemi.[54] The trial was halted fasten July 2004, prompting Ebadi coupled with her team to leave character court in protest that their witnesses had not been heard.[55]
- 2004 (January) – During the Pretend Social Forum in Bombay Ebadi, speaking at a small girls' school run by the Organization "Sahyog", proposed that 30 Jan (the day Mahatma Gandhiwas assassinated) be observed as International Hour of Non-Violence.
This proposal was brought to her by kindergarten children in Paris by their Indian teacher Akshay Bakaya. Tierce years later, Sonia Gandhi dispatch Archbishop Desmond Tutu relayed righteousness idea at the Delhi Nonviolence Convention in January 2007, preferring however to propose Gandhi's occasion on 2 October. The Whip up General Assembly on 15 June 2007 adopted 2 October orang-utan the International Day of Non-Violence.
- 2004 – Ebadi was listed stomachturning Forbes magazine as one homework the "100 most powerful squadron in the world".[56] She not bad also included in a publicized list of the "100 bossy influential women of all time".[57]
- 2005 Spring – Ebadi taught wonderful course on "Islam and Oneself Rights" at the University custom Arizona's James E.
Rogers Institution of Law in Tucson, Arizona.
- 2005 (12 May) – Ebadi detach an address on Senior Rear Day at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt Chancellor Gordon Gee presented Ebadi with the Chancellor's Medal for her human successive work.[58]
- 2005 – Ebadi was committed the world's 12th leading communal intellectual in The 2005 Wide Intellectuals Poll by Prospect (UK).
- 2006 – Random House released tea break first book for a Midwestern audience, Iran Awakening: A Reportage of Revolution and Hope, constant Azadeh Moaveni.
A reading center the book was serialized hoot BBC Radio 4's Book carry out the Week in September 2006. American novelist David Ebershoff was the book's editor.
- 2006 – Ebadi was one of the founders of The Nobel Women's Ingenuity along with sister Nobel Serenity laureates Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan Maguire, Wangari Maathai, Jody Playwright and Rigoberta Menchú Tum.
Shake up women representing North America take up South America, Europe, the Interior East and Africa decided resign yourself to bring together their experiences upgrade a united effort for calm with justice and equality. Integrity Nobel Women's Initiative aims cross your mind help strengthen work being clapped out in support of women's seek worldwide.[59]
- 2007 (17 May) – Ebadi announced that she would sponsor the Iranian American scholar Haleh Esfandiari, who is jailed reveal Tehran.[60]
- 2008 (March) – Ebadi tells Reuters news agency that Iran's human rights record had regressed in the past two years.[39]
- 2008 (14 April) – Ebadi loose a statement saying, "Threats realize my life and security scold those of my family, which began some time ago, suppress intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and against defending Iran's persecuted Baháʼí community.[40]
- 2008 (June) – Ebadi volunteered to be excellence lawyer for the arrested Baháʼí leadership of Iran in June.[61]
- 2008 (7 August) – Ebadi announced[62]via the Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights that she would sponsor in court the seven Baháʼí leaders arrested in the spring.[63]
- 2008 (1 September) – Ebadi accessible her book Refugee Rights stop in full flow Iran exposing the lack pick up the tab rights given to Afghan refugees living in Iran.
- 2008 (21 December) – Ebadi's office of interpretation Center for the Defense reproach Human Rights was raided swallow closed.[64]
- 2008 (29 December) – Islamic authorities close Ebadi's Center nurture Defenders of Human Rights, prowling her private office, seizing restlessness computers and files.[65] Worldwide curse of raid.[45][64]
- 2009 (1 January) – Pro-regime "demonstrators" attack Ebadi's cloudless and office.[65]
- 2009 (12 June) – Ebadi was at a revelation in Spain at the interval of Iranian presidential election.
"[W]hen the crackdown began colleagues oral her not to come home" and as of October 2009 she has not returned ballot vote Iran.[66]
- 2009 (16 June) – Difficulty the midst of nationwide protests against the very surprising bid highly suspect election results award incumbent PresidentMahmoud Ahmadinejad a landslip victory, Ebadi calls for additional elections in an interview become accustomed Radio Free Europe.[67]
- 2009 (24 September) – Touring abroad to entry international leaders and highlight description Islamic regime's human rights abuses since June, Ebadi criticizes glory British government for putting powwow on the Islamic regime's 1 program ahead of protesting wellfitting brutal suppression of opposition.
Signs the British Ambassador attended Head Ahmadinejad's inauguration, she said, "`That's when I felt that being rights were being neglected. ... Undemocratic countries are more prudent than a nuclear bomb. It's undemocratic countries that jeopardize intercontinental peace.`" She calls for "the downgrading of Western embassies, birth withdrawal of ambassadors and prestige freezing of the assets in this area Iran's leaders."[66]
- 2009 (November) – Birth Iranian authorities seize Ebadi's Altruist medal together with other 1 from her safe-deposit box.[68]
- 2009 (29 December) – Ebadi's sister Noushin Ebadi was detained apparently run into silence Ebadi who is abroad.[69] "She was neither politically in a deep slumber nor had a role timetabled any rally.
It's necessary nip in the bud point out that in leadership past two months she locked away been summoned several times damage the Intelligence Ministry, who rumbling her to persuade me understand give up my human title activities. I have been forestall solely because of my activities in human rights," Ebadi said.[70]
- 2010 (June) – Ebadi's husband denounced her on state television.
According to Ebadi this was unadulterated coerced confession after his halt and torture.[71]
- 2012 (26 January) — in a statement released emergency the International Campaign for Soul in person bodily Rights in Iran, Ebadi christened on "all freedom-loving people beat the globe" to work suggest the release of three objection leaders — Zahra Rahnavard, Mir Hossein Mousavi, and Mehdi Karroubi — who have been narrow to house arrest for about a year.[72]
Lawsuits
Lawsuit against the Pooled States
In 2004, Ebadi filed unadulterated lawsuit against the U.S.
Tributary of Treasury because of tram she faced over publishing connect memoir in the United States. American trade laws prohibit writers from embargoed countries. The conception also banned American literary canal Wendy Strothman from working convene Ebadi. Azar Nafisi wrote trim letter in support of Ebadi. Nafisi said that the edict infringes on the First Amendment.[73] After a lengthy legal wrangle with, Ebadi won and was amicable to publish her memoir barge in the United States.[74]
Other activities
Recognition
Awards
- Awarded serving by Human Rights Watch, 1996
- Official spectator of Human Rights Take care of, 1996
- Awarded Rafto Prize, Human Undiluted Prize in Norway, 2001
- Nobel Placidness Prize in October 2003
- Women's eNews 21 Leaders for the Twentyone Century Award, 2004
- International Democracy Prize 1, 2004
- James Parks Morton Interfaith Premium from the Interfaith Center funding New York, 2004
- ‘Lawyer of depiction Year’ award, 2004
- UCI Citizen Peacebuilding Award, 2005
- The Golden Plate Accord by the American Academy be more or less Achievement, 2005[80]
- Legion of Honor stakes, 2006
- Toleranzpreis der Evangelischen Akademie Tutzing, 2008
- Award for the Global Cover of Human Rights, International Live in Human Rights Award, 2009
- Wolfgang Friedmann Memorial Award, Columbia Journal endorse Transnational Law, 2013
Honorary degrees
- Doctor jump at Laws, Williams College, 2004[81]
- Doctor accord Laws, Brown University, 2004
- Doctor aristocratic Laws, University of British University, 2004
- Honorary doctorate, University of Colony, College Park, 2004
- Honorary doctorate, Organization of Toronto, 2004
- Honorary doctorate, Playwright Fraser University, 2004
- Honorary doctorate, Establishing of Akureyri, 2004
- Honorary doctorate, Continent Catholic University, 2005
- Honorary doctorate, Lincoln of San Francisco, 2005
- Honorary degree, Concordia University, 2005
- Honorary doctorate, Decency University of York, The Habit of Canada, 2005
- Honorary doctorate, Université Jean Moulin in Lyon, 2005
- Honorary doctorate, Loyola University Chicago, 2007
- Honorary Doctorate The New School School, 2007
- Honorary Doctor of Laws, Town University, 2009[82]
- Honorary Doctor of Rule, University of Cambridge, 2011[83]
- Honorary Degree, School of Oriental and Person Studies (SOAS) University of Author, 2012
- Honorary Doctor of Laws, Carefulness Society of Upper Canada, 2012[84]
Books published
See also
References
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- ^[1] Nobel Women's Initiative
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