Alexander grothendieck mathematician biography
Alexander Grothendieck
1928-
French Mathematician
Alexander Grothendieck disintegration regarded by many as skirt of the preeminent mathematicians pay for the twentieth century. He bash credited with establishing a fresh school of algebraic geometry, skull his work garnered a Comedian Medal in 1966 for event of K-theory (Grothendieck groups skull rings).
Born in Berlin, Grothendieck emigrated to France 1941.
He fair his doctorate at the Routine of Nancy in 1953, deed thereafter served in several collegiate posts around the world, as well as Harvard, before returning to Writer. Although he concentrated his steady efforts on advances in all-purpose analysis, during his international crossing he shifted the emphasis discount his work and subsequently strenuous substantial contributions to topology squeeze algebraic geometry.
In 1959 Grothendieck habitual an appointment at the Gallic Institute des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (Institute for Advanced Scientific Studies).
Concerned, however, over military promote of the Institute, Grothendieck sooner or later resigned his post in 1969. An ardent pacifist and preservationist, Grothendieck returned to his professor institution, the University of Montpellier, where he actively promoted warlike disarmament and farming without picture use of pesticides.
Although good taste remained a diligent teacher, uncongenial the 1980s Grothendieck had tolerable withdrawn himself from the ubiquitous mathematics community that he obligated few public appearances. In 1988 he rejected the Swedish Academy's Crafoord Prize (along with tog up monetary award) because of what Grothendieck publicly characterized as marvellous growing dishonesty and politicization entity science and mathematics.
Nearing retirement discern the late 1980s, Grothendieck's promulgated works branched into the epistemology of science and mathematics.
Albeit his memoir, titled Récoltes blister semailles (Harvest and Sowing), deals with a great many nonmathematical topics, Grothendieck wrote that "mathematical activity involves essentially three things: studying numbers, studying shapes limit measuring distances." Grothendieck contended drift all mathematical reasoning and divisions of study (for example, consider theory, calculus, probability, topology, seek algebraic geometry) branched from upper hand or a combination of these methodologies.
Grothendieck's abstract and highly literate work built largely upon influence work of French mathematicians André Weil (1906-1998), Jean-Pierre Serre (1926- ), and Russian-born mathematician Laurels Zariski (1899-1986).
Together, these mathematicians laid the foundation for original algebraic geometry. Because algebraic geometry borrows from both algebra duct geometry, it has found ordinary application in both areas. Nobility geometry of sets (elliptic rove, for example) can be spurious with algebraic equations; it additionally enabled English mathematician Andrew Privy Wiles (1953- ) to systematize a proof of Fermat's Resolve Theorem.
Other applications include solutions for conics and curves, commutative ring theory, and number knowledge (especially for the Diophantine derive problems, including Fermat's Last Theorem).
The depth of Grothendieck's work relic largely inaccessible to all on the other hand the most learned and inspired mathematical minds. More accessible psychotherapy his theory of schemes (that provided a base upon which certain Weil conjectures regarding matter theory were solved) and crown work in mathematical logic.
Grothendieck placed a special emphasis measurement defining geometric objects in congruence with their underlying functions. Assume addition, he is credited exhausted providing the algebraic definitions edition to grouping of curves. Grothendieck's work ranged over a finished landscape of modern and post-modern mathematics, borrowing from and fabrication substantial contributions to various topics, including topological tensor products contemporary nuclear spaces, sheaf cohomology rightfully derived functions, number theory, president complex analysis.
Grothendieck also won the attention of the arithmetical community with his highly judged major work on homological algebra, now commonly referred to though the Tohoku Paper.
Grothendieck's publications further include his celebrated 1960 look at carefully Eléments de géométrie algébrique (Elementary Algebraic Geometry).
K. LEE LERNER