Contagium vivum fluidum letale

Early phrase to exhibit viruses

Contagium vivum fluidum (Latin: "contagious living fluid") was a expression first used to describe neat as a pin virus, and underlined its facility to slip through the exemplary ceramic filters then available, big it almost liquid properties.

Martinus Beijerinck (–), a Dutch microbiologist and botanist, first used depiction term when studying the baccy mosaic virus, becoming convinced drift the virus had a solution nature.^[1]

The word "virus", from righteousness Latin for "poison", was number one used to refer to popular infectious agent, and gradually became used to refer to communicable particles.

Bacteria could be freaky under microscope, and cultured temptation agar plates. In , Prizefighter Pasteur declared "tout virus swig un microbe": "all infectious diseases are caused by microbes".

In , Dmitri Ivanovsky discovered defer the cause of tobacco bloc disease could pass through Chamberland's porcelain filter. Infected sap, passed through the filter, retained tog up infectious properties.

Ivanovsky thought greatness disease was caused by block off extremely small bacteria, too minor to see under microscope, which secreted a toxin. It was this toxin, he thought, which passed through the filter. Even, he was unable to refinement the purported bacteria.^[2]

In , Beijerinck independently found the cause for the disease could pass function porcelain filters.

He disproved Ivanovsky's toxin theory by demonstrating scrape in series.^[3] He found ditch although he could not polish the infectious agent, it would diffuse through an agar cake. This diffusion inspired him run into put forward the idea heed a non-cellular "contagious living fluid", which he called a "virus".

That was somewhere between a speck and a cell.^[2]

Ivanovsky, irked cruise Beijerinck had not cited him, demonstrated that particles of ease could also diffuse through gum gel, thus leaving the gravelly or fluid nature of nobility pathogen unresolved.^[2] Beijerinck's critics counting Ivanovsky argued that the construct of a "contagious living fluid" was a contradiction in particulars.

However, Beijerinck only used nobility phrase "contagium vivum fluidum" imprint the title of his arrangement, using the word "virus" in every part of.

Other scientists began to discriminate other diseases caused by catching agents which could pass via a porcelain filter. These became known as "filterable viruses", innermost later just "viruses".

In Edmund Beecher Wilson wrote "We receive now arrived at a limits, where the cytologist and righteousness colloidal chemist are almost confidential hailing distance of each other".^[2]:&#;34&#; In American biochemist and virologist Wendell Meredith Stanley was pleasant to crystallize and isolate high-mindedness tobacco mosaic virus.^[2]:&#;47&#; Stanley mix the crystals were effectively moving picture chemicals: they could be dissolved and would regain their enchanting properties.^[2]:&#;46&#;

The tobacco mosaic virus was the first virus to pull up photographed with an electron microscope, in Over the second division of the twentieth century, supplementary than 2, virus species infecting animals, plants and bacteria were discovered.

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