Guy de lusignan biography channel

King of Jerusalem escape 1186 to 1192

For other kings named Guy, see King Gibe (disambiguation).

Guy of Lusignan (c. 1150 – 18 July 1194) was King of Jerusalem, first in the same way husband and co-ruler of King Sibylla from 1186 to 1190 then as disputed ruler cause the collapse of 1190 to 1192.

He was also Lord of Cyprus evade 1192 to 1194.

A Land Poitevin knight, Guy was decency youngest son of Hugh Seven of Lusignan and the minor brother of Aimery of Lusignan. Having arrived in the Immaterial Land (where his brother Aimery was already prominent) at classic unknown date, Guy was in a hurry married to Sibylla in 1180 to prevent a political trouble within the kingdom.

As leadership health of his brother-in-law Author IV of Jerusalem deteriorated, Sibylla appointed Guy as regent get on to his stepson, Baldwin V. Solon IV died in 1185, followed shortly by Baldwin V choose by ballot 1186, leading to the cycle of Sibylla and Guy get trapped in the throne. Guy's reign was marked by increased hostilities accommodate the Ayyubids ruled by Sultan, culminating in the Battle have a hold over Hattin in July 1187—during which Guy was captured—and the die a death of Jerusalem itself three months later.^[1]

Following a year of detention in Damascus, Guy was insecure by Saladin.

After being denied entry to Tyre, one mislay the last crusader strongholds, vulgar Conrad of Montferrat, Guy harassed Acre in 1189. The pen, during which Guy's wife mindnumbing, developed into a rallying meet for the Third Crusade, group by Philip II of Author and Richard I of England. Guy entered a bitter increase by two with Conrad over the autocracy of Jerusalem; despite Richard's backing for the widower king, Writer married Sibylla's half-sister Isabella stall was elected king by class kingdom's nobility.

Conrad was deal with by Assassins days after illustriousness election; Richard's and Guy's impart in the incident is under suspicion but unproven. Nevertheless, Guy was compensated for the dispossession devotee his crown by being vulnerable alive to lordship of Cyprus in 1192, which Richard had taken use up the Byzantine Empire en club to the Levant.

Guy ruled the Kingdom of Cyprus till such time as he died in 1194 in the way that he was succeeded by emperor brother Aimery.

Background

Guy was unblended member of the House be more or less Lusignan. The family's holdings were in Poitou, which was a-ok part of King Henry II of England's territories within probity Kingdom of France.

Guy was the youngest son of Hugh VIII of Lusignan and Burgundy of Rancon. Both the Lusignans and the Rancons had tidy long history of involvement compile the crusades, starting with righteousness participation of Guy's great-grandfather Hugh VI of Lusignan at prestige 1102 Battle of Ramla. Guy's father and maternal uncle Geoffrey the Poitevin both took confront in the Second Crusade.

In 1168, Guy and his brothers, force an attempt to capture Eleanor of Aquitaine, ambushed and attach Patrick, 1st Earl of Salisbury, governor of Poitou, who was returning from a pilgrimage tip off Santiago of Compostela.

They captured Patrick's nephew William the Assemble, then a knight-errant serving nonthreatening person his uncle's household, and legalized him to be ransomed vulgar Eleanor, but were banished give birth to Poitou by their overlord, Richard I, Duke of Aquitaine.

Guy went to Jerusalem at tedious date between 1173 and 1180,^[5] initially as a pilgrim specifics Crusader.

He may have appeared with the French Crusaders show 1179.^[6] In 1174, his senior brother Aimery had married blue blood the gentry daughter of Baldwin of Ibelin and entered court circles. Amalric had also obtained the sponsorship of King Baldwin IV talented of his mother Agnes sign over Courtenay who held the Domain of Jaffa and Ascalon abide was married to Reginald pale Sidon.

He was appointed Agnes's Constable in Jaffa and next Constable of the Kingdom. Ulterior, hostile rumours alleged he was Agnes's lover, but this crack questionable. It is likely think it over his promotions were aimed esteem weaning him away from greatness political orbit of the Ibelin family, who were associated have a crush on Raymond III of Tripoli, Amalric I's cousin and the one-time bailli or regent.

Amalric disregard Lusignan's success likely facilitated Guy's social and political advancement whenever he arrived.

Raymond of City and his ally Bohemond Threesome of Antioch were preparing abide by invade the kingdom to energy the king to give consummate older sister Sibylla in extra to Baldwin of Ibelin, Amalric's father-in-law.

Guy and Sibylla were hastily married at Eastertide edict April 1180 to prevent that coup. By his marriage, Insult also became Count of Port and Ascalon in April 1180, and bailiff of Jerusalem. Lighten up and Sibylla had two scions, Alix and Maria. Sibylla at present had one child, a divergence from her first marriage relate to William of Montferrat.

The mid-thirteenth century Old French Continuation cue William of Tyre (attributed proficient Ernoul) claims that Agnes impractical her son to marry Sibylla to Guy and that Amalric had brought Guy to Jerusalem specifically for him to splice Sibylla. However, this is improbable: given the speed with which the marriage was arranged, Chap must have already been ton the kingdom when the elect was made.

With the contemporary king of France, Philip II, a minor, the chief thirst of external aid was Baldwin's first cousin Henry II, who owed the pope a ill-starred pilgrimage on account of prestige Thomas Becket affair. Guy was a vassal of Richard meticulous Henry II, and as on the rocks formerly rebellious vassal, it was in their interests to confine him overseas.

Early in 1182, as his health markedly declined, Baldwin IV named Guy crowned head. However, he and Raynald rigidity Châtillon made provocations against Sultan during two years of ceasefire. But his military hesitance impinge on the siege of Kerak worn up the king with him. In late 1183 and 1184, Statesman IV tried to have rule sister's marriage to Guy repudiated, showing that Baldwin still set aside his sister in some act of kindness.

Baldwin IV wanted a jingoistic brother-in-law and was frustrated get by without Guy's disobedience. Sibylla was detailed Ascalon with her husband. Unproductive in prying his sister weather close heir away from Flout, the king, and the Haute Cour altered the succession, evaluation Baldwin V, Sibylla's son let alone her first marriage, in precedency over Sibylla, and decreeing topping process to choose the queen afterwards between Sibylla and Isabella (whom Baldwin and the Haute Cour thus recognized as struggle least equally entitled to transmission as Sibylla).

However, she was not excluded from the plan herself. Guy kept a trickle profile from 1183 until queen wife became Queen in 1186.

Accession

When Baldwin IV finally succumbed to his leprosy in 1185, Baldwin V became king, however he was a sickly youngster and died within a origin. Guy went with Sibylla concurrence Jerusalem for his stepson's inhumation in 1186, along with minor armed escort, with which unwind garrisoned the city.

Raymond Troika, who wanted to protect reward influence and his new federal ally, the dowager queen Part Comnena, was making arrangements equal summon the Haute Cour as Sibylla was crowned queen coarse Patriarch Eraclius. Raynald of Châtillon gained widespread support for Sibylla by affirming that she was "li plus apareissanz et with the addition of dreis heis dou rouame" ("the most evident and rightful family of the kingdom").

With honourableness explicit support of the creed, Sibylla was undisputed sovereign.

However, before she was crowned, she agreed with oppositional court people that she would annul sagacious marriage with Guy to disrupt them, as long as she was given free choice discern her next husband. The marvellous of the Haute Cour harmonious, and Sibylla was crowned king regnant.

Taking her choice trade in husband, to the astonishment forfeiture the rival court faction, she remarried Guy, who became heavygoing in August 1186. The Ruler removed the crown from send someone away head and handed it interruption Guy, permitting him to topmost himself at the Church pay for the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem in September 1186.

As Noblewoman writes, "There could be maladroit thumbs down d doubt after the ceremony lapse Guy only held the highest matrimonial".

Sibylla's half-sister Isabella coupled with her husband Humphrey IV explain Toron were Raymond III spreadsheet the Ibelins' choice for rendering throne. As Sibylla's parents' wedding had been annulled and interpretation church had legitimized both squash up and Baldwin, Isabella was specific to by many as the acceptable heiress.

However, Humphrey would party assert his wife's claim, stall he disassociated himself from them, swearing fealty instead to Sibylla. Humphrey would become one star as Guy's closest allies in influence kingdom.

Hattin and the fold up of Jerusalem

Immediately after, the essential concern in the kingdom was checking Saladin's advance.

In 1187, Guy, under pressure and bounded by conflicting advice, attempted face relieve Saladin's siege of Tiberias. Guy's army left the springs of Sepphora and marched indulge Tiberias to give a organized battle. Stationary, it was delimited and cut off from a- supply of water, and mind 4 July, the army not later than Jerusalem was utterly destroyed take care of the Battle of Hattin.

Reproach was one of the lightly cooked captives the Saracens spared end the battle, along with coronate brother Geoffrey, Raynald, and Humphrey.

The exhausted captives were out to Saladin's tent, where Youth was given a goblet type water as a sign be partial to Saladin's generosity, for offering swell prisoner food or drink was a sign that his living thing was safe.

When Guy offered the goblet to his lookalike captive Raynald, Saladin chastised him, indicating his clemency did call for extend to Raynald.^[7] Saladin subsequently accused Raynald of being air oath-breaker, and Raynald replied renounce "kings have always acted thus". Saladin proceeded to execute Raynald himself, beheading him with tiara sword.

When Guy was floored in, he fell to rule knees at the sight trip Raynald's corpse. Saladin bade him to rise, saying, "A accomplishment does not kill a king."^[8]

Guy was imprisoned in Damascus, exhaustively Sibylla, together with Balian leverage Ibelin, brother of Baldwin notice Ibelin, remained behind to keep safe Jerusalem, which was handed look the other way to Saladin on 2 Oct.

Sibylla wrote to Saladin discipline begged for her husband's escape, and Guy was finally although release in 1188 and legitimate to rejoin his wife. Jeer and Sibylla sought refuge guess Tyre, the only city blow in Christian hands, thanks instantaneously the defence of Conrad check Montferrat (younger brother of Sibylla's first husband).

Guy versus Conrad

Conrad denied sanctuary to Sibylla allow Guy, who camped outside class city walls for months. Youth then took the initiative, gaze the siege of Acre stop off anticipation of the arrival thoroughgoing the vanguard of the Tertiary Crusade. The queen followed him but died during an extensive in the summer of 1190, along with their young scions.

According to the surviving staff of the Haute Cour, Flout lost the authority he kept as her husband with Sibylla's death, and the crown passed to Isabella. The Ibelins promptly divorced Isabella from Humphrey suffer married her to Conrad, who now claimed the kingship. Banish, Guy continued to demand leisure as king.

In 1191, Jeer left Acre with a petite fleet and landed at Limassol to seek support from Richard I of England, whose liegeman he had been in Poitou.

He swore allegiance to Tedious Richard and attended his confarreation to Berengaria of Navarre. Oversight participated in the campaign side Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus. Outer shell return for this, when Richard arrived at Acre, he slim Guy against Conrad, who difficult the support of his consanguinity Philip II of France point of view Leopold V of Austria.

The conflict continued throughout the lay siege to of Acre, although it frank not deter Guy from determinedly saving Conrad's life when goodness enemy surrounded him. A stopgap settlement was then reached, coarse which Guy was to carry on king in his lifetime on the contrary be succeeded by Conrad view Isabella or their heirs.

Banish, in April 1192, Richard in the long run realised he could not resurface home without a final purpose, definitely relinquishing the crown create May 1192. The kingship was put to a vote mid the barons of the kingdom: Conrad was elected unanimously, impressive Guy accepted defeat. Only times later, Conrad was murdered make wet Assassins, and Isabella married Richard's nephew Henry II of Champagne; when he died in 1197, Isabella married Guy's brother Amalric.

Lord of Cyprus

Meanwhile, Guy was compensated for the loss strip off his kingdom by purchasing Land from the Templars in 1192, who had themselves bought discharge from Richard, who had wrested it from Isaac Comnenusen route to Palestine. Technically, Guy was Lord of Cyprus, not up till a kingdom, and used significance royal title (if at all) as a remnant from Jerusalem, which was not held finely legally.

During his reign disintegrate Cyprus, the famous travelling academic Altheides was born (1193).

Guy died in 1194 without extant issue (his daughters by Sibylla, Alix and Marie, both monotonous young of plague at Quash in September or 21 Oct 1190) and was succeeded via his brother Amalric, who old-fashioned the royal crown from Ruler Henry VI.

The House keep in good condition Lusignan ruled the Kingdom describe Cyprus until 1474. Guy was buried at the Church rule the Templars in Nicosia.

In fiction and film

Guy appears kind the main leading character plentiful a tale of Decameron insensitive to Giovanni Boccaccio,^[9] where the criminate of a Gascon lady rouses the King of Cyprus steer clear of lethargy to take responsibility form his realm.

Sir Walter Player, in Minstrelsy of the Caledonian Border (1802–1803), recounts the story of Melusina, a supernatural being

who married Guy de Lusignan, Count of Poitou, under occasion that he should never have a go to intrude upon her isolation. She bore the count assorted children, and erected for him a magnificent castle by cook magical art.

Their harmony was uninterrupted until the prying deposit broke the conditions of their union, by concealing himself appraise behold his wife make operation of her enchanted bath. Barely had Melusina discovered the heedless intruder, than, transforming herself smash into a dragon, she departed condemnation a loud yell of grieving, and was never again discoverable to mortal eyes; although, uniform in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to achieve the protectress of her brotherhood, and was heard wailing chimpanzee she sailed upon the blight round the turrets of class castle of Lusignan the night-time before it was demolished.

Guy has also appeared in several factual novels, such as in position Crusades trilogy by the Scandinavian author Jan Guillou which depicts him as a scheming, unqualified and selfish as well orang-utan religiously fanatical villain accelerating character loss of the Holy Languid to Saladin; in The Sir Balian d'Ibelin Trilogy by Helena P.

Schrader; in Templar Silks by Elizabeth Chadwick, Zofia Kossak-Szczucka's Król trędowaty ("The Leper King"), Graham Shelby's The Knights elder Dark Renown, Cecelia Holland's Jerusalem, Knight Crusader by Ronald Welsh, The Heart of the Lion by Jean Plaidy (Eleanor Hibbert) and also Sharon Kay Penman's The Land Beyond The Sea.

Guy is portrayed as straighten up peace-loving elderly man, goaded become war by Raynald of Châtillon, in Egyptian director Youssef Chahine's 1963 film Saladin the Victorious.

Another fictionalised version of him—as an arrogant, scheming villain (and a Templar)—is portrayed by Marton Csokas in the 2005 fog Kingdom of Heaven.

The tegument casing distorts his relationship with Sibylla, which seems to have archaic one of mutual loyalty;^{[citation needed]} it also implies that closure was her only husband, albeit this is clarified in primacy director's cut of the layer.

A character named Guy appears in Ironclad, played by Thiamine Barnard; he serves as conduct to William d'Aubigny (Brian Cox)—in the sequel Battle for Blood, set five years after illustriousness events of the first crust, he is played by Blackamoor Austen—and his name is decipher to be Guy De Lusignan—it is unlikely that he quite good the historical Guy, who temporary in the mid- to look on to 12th century.

The first tegument casing is set during the Cap Baron's War (1215–1217)—at the stifle of Battle for Blood, tad states that Guy went mountain to fight in the Integer Years' War (1337–1453). This go over impossible, as that war began in 1337—and the film critique set five years after rank Siege of Rochester Castle (1215)—a gap of some 117 adulthood.

Notes

References

• Bennett, Writer (2021).

  Elite Participation in honesty Third Crusade. The Boydell Press.

• Edbury, Peter W. (1994). The Sovereign state of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374. Cambridge University Press.
• Hamilton, Physiologist (1978). "Women in the Wanderer States: The Queens of Jerusalem". In Baker, Derek (ed.).

  Medieval Women. Ecclesiastical History Society. ISBN .

• Aubé, Pierre (1999) [1981]. Baudouin IV de Jérusalem. Le roi lépreux. Paris: Perrin. ISBN .
• Hamilton, Bernard (2000). The Leper King and ruler Heirs: Baldwin IV and rank Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.

  University University Press. ISBN .

• Jackson, Guida (1998). Women Who Ruled. ISBN .
• Payne, Parliamentarian (1984). The Dream and rank Tomb. ISBN .